UPCOMING WEBINAR: Run Research Your Way With AI Skills The R language is a robust data analysis language, so when there is an error with the code, many times the error message returned is quite generic and technical. There are some error messages that do pop up fairly frequently, though, and this article lists some of those and what types of issues they indicate.
Incorrect number of dimensions / subscript out of bounds
Missing / duplicated rows or columns
Can only convert tabular results to an R variable or Variable Set
missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
Broken Pipe / Kind(UnexpectedEof) / TypeofError
the maximum permitted is 40 MB
Requirements
Familiarity with How to Use R in Displayr and How to Work with Data in R.
Incorrect number of dimensions / subscript out of bounds
This error indicates that what you're referencing inside the square brackets (used to subset data in R) is either:
1. Referenced incorrectly - such as in the example below. This is more of a syntax issue of how many commas you need inside [ ] to pull out the subset you need. You can use point-and-click or the following article on how to reference data in R: How to Work with Data in R.
2. Does not exist where it is referenced - such as listing a row name in the column part of the subsetting brackets [ ], referencing the 8th column of a table with less than 8 columns, or misspelling a column or row name (watch out for trailing spaces!). Note that if you are trying to reference a statistic added via the Statistics > Right or Statistics > Below dropdown on a table (such as Column Sample Size), you cannot reference it as a row or column within [ ]. You must access that information via the Right or Below attribute on the table, see How to Reference Statistics - Right and Statistics - Below in R.
Example:
The code below will produce an incorrect number of dimensions error due to the last line:
#identify table
x = table.Gender
#return Female value
x["Female",]If we add dim(x) to the code, we will see that it returns only a 3, that is, 3 rows. There is no second (column) value because there is no additional column dimension. The solution, therefore, is to change the last line to x["Female"].
Not equal to array extent / number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length / replacement has X data has Y / non-conformable arrays
An important concept to understand with R coding is vectorization and recycling, per this article: R's Vectorized Math and Custom Variable Creation, which says that the number of values/labels/whatever you provide to something must be the same as or a factor of the number of the original (though there are some exceptions). Examples of things that will break because of this include:
1. Exception for names(), colnames(), and rownames() - names do not recycle, and the number must match, so providing 1 label to relabel a table with 6 rows will return an error.
2. Providing 3 colors to an argument to color 4 lines (if you supplied 2, then those 2 colors would be repeated to make 4 colors total).
3. Assigning 3 numbers to a column in a data frame with 10 rows.
4. Performing a calculation on two tables with different numbers of rows/columns.
Example 1:
The code below will produce a length of 'dimnames' [1] not equal to array extent error due to the last line:
#identify table
x = table.Living.arrangements
#new row names
newrows = c("Parents","Alone","Partner","Children","Partner + Children","Sharing","Other")
#rename rows
rownames(x) = newrowsIf we add length(rownames(x)) and length(newrows) to the code, we will see that one returns 8 and the other 7. We can only replace the row names with the exact same number of items. The solution is to either add "NET" to the end of the newrows object or remove it from the source table via right-click > Hide.
Example 2:
Setting a column of data to different values with and without recycling.
Missing / duplicated rows or columns
There are various ways to merge data together using R, see How to Merge Tables Using R. However, in all instances, if the data used to merge (usually it is the row/column names, but could also be a specific variable) isn't exactly matching, you will get unexpected results. You should always check your final result to ensure that it has the correct number of rows and columns that you expect.
Example:
The code below attempts to merge these two tables together, but doesn't return the correct result:
#identify tables
x = table.Preferred.cola
y = table.Brand.attitude.Love.Like
#combine tables
cbind(Preferred=x[rownames(y)],T2B=y)If we add head(x) and head(y), we can view the figures as they should align. However, this doesn't solve the immediate problem. We can also compare the row names by using the below to see what labels don't match:
setdiff(rownames(x),rownames(y))
setdiff(rownames(y),rownames(x)) What we can see here is that the Pepsi label has a trailing space in one table, which causes the merged table not to align properly. The solution is to right-click > Rename this label in the preference table and remove the space.
Can only convert tabular results to an R variable or variable set
This most commonly happens when the R code you are using results in a single value instead of having values for each row in your data set. When you create a new R variable (or multiple R variables) in your data set, this is akin to inserting a column(s) in a table of raw data. So this new column will be expecting to receive values for each row (respondent) for each column. Thus, you need to ensure the final result of your R code matches the shape (#rows and #columns) of the variables you're creating. If it doesn't, then the above error will be returned.
Keep in mind, Displayr will only "see" the output from the last line of your code, so you should be sure that it references the entire variable and not a subset (if recoding using [] for subscripting). The easiest way to do this is to get in the habit of putting the variable name on the final line of your code.
Example:
When trying to create a dummy variable column of 1s in your data set, you will get an error if you simply put 1 in the code panel:
You need to modify the code so that the 1 value is repeated to account for all respondents (rows) in the data set. This is typically done using the rep() function and referencing the length() of a different variable in your data set (since you can't reference Displayr data sets in R directly):
#repeat the 1 value based on the number (length) of Response Ids (RespId) in the data set
#RespId can be replaced with any variable in your data set as
#as they will all have the same length (number of rows)
rep(1, length(RespId))Invalid token
There are a couple of causes of the invalid token error in Displayr:
1. More common - you are missing a closing parentheses ) or curly bracket } in your code. You can move your cursor next to the open ones ( and { to highlight the open and close pair. If you don't see a closing one or it closes in the wrong spot, add the correct parentheses or curly bracket to close it.
2. Less common - when copying and pasting code from different software, whitespaces may be encoded differently and not recognized by R. This usually is the cause when the error puts a ^ in the middle of a line of code to show where the token is located. You will need to delete and add back the space in Displayr's code panel to fix the issue.
missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
This error message is sometimes shown on R-based visualizations. It has a variety of root causes, but essentially means something is missing or not formatted as expected in your input table. This could be that the table is missing data, your table is created via R, and it is missing the attr(mytable, "statistic"), something being referenced by the fields on the visualization is missing, and more. Instead of troubleshooting the R code of the visualization when this error occurs, you should double-check that everything has data in your table and that your input table is created correctly (if using R).
Broken Pipe / Kind(UnexpectedEof) / TypeofError
These errors occur when there was a connectivity or processing blip with the R server the last time the calculation was run. It should clear up if you manually click on the Calculate button on the item. You should see this error rarely in Displayr. If you find it occurring a lot or not getting resolved after recalculating, please reach out to our support team.
the maximum permitted is 40 MB
Sometimes when plotting visualizations with thousands of data points and creating more detailed custom outputs in R, you may receive a message similar to "The R output that has been created is XX Mb and the maximum permitted is 40 MB". This does not have to do with the data that is stored in the R output (which you can override with QAllowLargeResultObject()), but rather the size of the actual image/item that is trying to be rendered (displayed) in the browser. Items that are too large can cause the browser to crash so Displayr has a cap on the size to avoid this issue. There isn't a straightforward way around this except to make the item being shown smaller/less detailed. This could mean: aggregating the data a little before plotting (i.e. showing weekly instead of daily data) or loading a shape file that is less detailed (i.e. has fewer coordinates) for plotting custom areas on geographic maps.